What do you do when a chemical spills in an area? All exposed need to be decontaminated, and the spill needs to be cleaned up. But while the spill can reach a drain, pass through, and end up contaminating the environment, individuals exposed to the substance may be burned or injured from exposure.
Decontamination to reduce chemical exposure requires all individuals to dispose of their contaminated clothing and have the exposed areas flushed with water or another substance. When such a spill happens, decontamination procedures need to start right away, and those in the work area must be able to access appropriate personal protective equipment and be knowledgeable of all steps.
Individuals, in following decontamination procedures, must remove their clothing. However, to prevent further injuries, clothing should not be removed over the head. All garments, then, need to be contained in sealed plastic bags and then placed in a secondary container or bag to prevent contamination.
For removing a chemical from the skin, three options are available: physical, chemical, or detoxification. Physical, which involves flushing or scraping, is commonly used in standard decontamination procedures. If soap is involved, the procedure becomes chemical decontamination.
Two decontamination pools, which need to be set at least 10 feet away from each other, are used for flushing and scraping. Each individual goes through the pools and has his or her skin flushed. If, however, eyes or the face were exposed to the chemical, an eye wash station, which has low-pressure water, must be used instead. Decontamination pools and showers may come with an eye wash station attached. If scraping is used, brush strokes must go downward to prevent backsplash.
Although flushing is reliable for decontamination, water either washes away or dilutes the substance – it does not neutralize it. Exposed individuals may still need medical attention, however.
Because the chemical ends up in the water, all contents in the decontamination pools are to be treated as hazardous waste for disposal. Like the chemical being cleaned up, the contaminated water must be placed in an appropriate container, labeled, and stored in a safety cabinet for disposal.
All workers overseeing decontamination procedures need to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, which may include suits, gloves, and goggles. The equipment may be exposed to chemicals during the procedure and, as a result, needs to be treated like hazardous waste in disposal.
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